Listing images removed 3-5 days after initial approval

I’ve noticed lately many of my FBA listing images will initially get approved, then 3-5 days they are removed without any notice.

Every single image follows all the guidelines.

This is particularly harmful when the image is the Hero image, and it brings down my listing.

Of course support isn’t helpful — they just say follow the guidelines, which I literally do — to every bullet point.

Any ideas?