Product Rejected due to label claims – but no claims on the label

I have a supplement product that has been rejected due to “claims on the label” – however I have no claims except the product name which is the exact same name as probably 10 existing Amazon items. The existing items even have further “claims” on their product while I have none.

Everything was fine until the product arrived at the FBA warehouse and suddenly it’s being blocked.

Amazon has said there is “no path to reinstatement” – but is it possible this is a mistake? The other ASINs from other companies are still online.